Functional Communication Training (FCT) is an evidence-based practice in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) that focuses on teaching communication skills to replace challenging behaviors. FCT is based on the idea that challenging behavior serves a communicative function and is often the result of an individual’s inability to effectively communicate their wants and needs. By teaching more effective communication strategies, FCT can reduce the occurrence of challenging behavior and improve overall quality of life. 

FCT can be implemented at home by parents or caregivers with the support and guidance of a BCBA. Typically, the first step involves conducting a functional assessment to determine the function of the challenging behavior. This information can be used to develop a plan that is tailored to the individual’s needs and goals. The plan will involve teaching the individual to use alternative communication skills such as using words, gestures, or pictures to express their wants and needs.

During FCT, the individual is provided with frequent opportunities to practice their new communication skills in real-world situations. In the beginning, prompts or cues are provided to help the individual use their new communication skills effectively. Visual supports such as a communication book or picture board may also be useful for some individuals. Over time, these prompts should be faded. As a learner becomes more proficient in using their new communication skills, the frequency of challenging behavior typically decreases.

With consistent implementation and support, FCT can be a successful approach to addressing challenging behaviors. By focusing on improving communication skills, FCT can help individuals to better express their wants and needs, which can lead to improved quality of life for both the individual and their family.

As a reminder, the suggestions outlined in this blog are not individual-specific. Always refer to your child’s health and behavior specialists before implementing any new programming.